This area of surgical care has been developed at the National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery since the beginning of the Russian aggression on Ukraine in 2014. The Institute has become the first specialized medical institution in Ukraine that focuses on cardiosurgical care, providing professional assistance in the field of cardiovascular surgery to both military and civilian patients with heart, main vessel, and chest injuries. Patients are referred to the Department of Military Surgery of the Heart and Main Vessels from various medical institutions and directly from the front line, making it a leading facility for cardiosurgical care in Ukraine. The Institute has established close cooperation with military hospitals and has improved recommendations for protocols regarding the evacuation of wounded individuals.

The Institute is actively implementing new methods to assist patients with severe landmine-explosive injuries, which were developed in collaboration with military doctors. These methods include the extraction of metal fragments from the heart using neodymium magnets, among others. In total, between June 2014 and December 2022, the Institute treated 597 participants of the Russian-Ukrainian war who had heart and main vessel pathologies, including 40 cases of combat trauma to the heart and vessels. During this period, the Institute performed 426 interventions on patients.

Since the beginning of the full-scale Russian aggression, the State University National Amosov Institute of Cardiovascular Surgery has undergone a structural transformation due to the martial law. As a result, the Institute has effectively become a “multidisciplinary military hospital.”